Ancient Times (Pre-4000 BCE):

Copper was one of the first metals discovered by humans.

It was used primarily for making tools, weapons, and ornaments.

Copper was often found in its native form, making it relatively easy to work with.

Bronze Age (3000 BCE – 1200 BCE):

The discovery that copper could be alloyed with tin to create bronze revolutionized tool and weapon production.

Bronze was used for making swords, axes, and other implements.

Antiquity and Early Civilizations (2000 BCE – 1 CE):

Copper was used extensively in the construction of ancient architecture, such as the roofs of the Temple of Solomon and the Statue of Liberty.

It was also used for making coins in various cultures.

Medieval and Renaissance Periods (5th – 17th centuries CE):

Copper was used in the production of brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc.

Brass became popular for making decorative items, musical instruments, and firearms.

Industrial Revolution (18th – 19th centuries):

The demand for copper surged with the growth of industry.

Copper became essential for electrical wiring, plumbing, and machinery.

The development of the telegraph and later electrical power transmission systems relied heavily on copper conductors.

20th Century:

The use of copper expanded significantly in the 20th century, particularly in the electrical and electronics industries.

Copper’s excellent electrical conductivity made it indispensable for power generation, transmission, and telecommunications.

It was used extensively in building construction, plumbing, and heating systems.

Copper alloys were developed for various applications, such as naval brass and copper-nickel alloys for shipbuilding.

Late 20th Century to Present:

Copper’s use in electronics and telecommunications continued to grow with the advent of computers, smartphones, and other electronic devices.

The automotive industry adopted copper for wiring and components.

Renewable energy technologies, such as solar panels and wind turbines, rely on copper for electrical connections.

Copper’s antimicrobial properties led to its use in healthcare settings, particularly for touch surfaces in hospitals.

21st Century:

Copper remains crucial in renewable energy systems, as well as in electric vehicles (EVs) and EV charging infrastructure.

The transition to a low-carbon economy has increased demand for copper in infrastructure projects related to clean energy generation and transmission.

Recycling and sustainable mining practices have gained importance to meet the growing demand while minimizing environmental impact.